Multiple Sclerosis Essay example -- Biology Essays Research Papers

Multiple Sclerosis Multiple sclerosis is a disease of the central nervous system. It most commonly occurs in individuals between the ages of twenty and forty (1) and in higher numbers of women than men (2). In Multiple Sclerosis (or "MS") a loss of the nerves' axon coating myelin prohibits the nerve axons from efficiently conducting action and synaptic potentials. Scar tissue (called plaques or lesions) forms at the points where demyelination occurs in the brain and spinal cord, hence the name "Multiple Sclerosis"or "many scars" (3). The demyelination found in MS is thought to be caused by an autoimmune process, in which the body's immune system attacks its own healthy tissue (4). Other diseases thought to have an autoimmune basis are rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus and the insulin dependent form of diabetes mellitus(5). In the immune system, there are two types of white blood cells, B-cells and T-cells. T-cells exist in three forms, all responsible for different immune system responses. Helper T-cells recognize foreign antigens (the substance the immune system aims to destroy), stimulate antibody production, and produce cytokines (chemicals which act as biological messengers) which activate other T-cells. These T-cells are able to recognize antigens through their receptors, made of protein molecules that selectively bind to certain other molecules. Suppressor T-cells perform a function converse to that of their helper counterparts, turning off the immune system response. Cytotoxic T-cells directly attack and destroy antigenic material (6). In MS, an unknown trigger activates helper T-cells whose antigen specific receptors recognize central nervous system myelin as an antigen. While what exactly activates these T-cel... ... MS GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY http://www.nmss.org/msinfo/current_research/updates/RMP9620.html 25) VIRUSES http://www.nmss.org/cmsi/cmsi18.html 26) Remyelination Progress Reported http://www.myelin.org/puppress.html 27) EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS http://www.nmss.org/cmsi/cmsi157.html 28) Current Research Updates http://www.nmss.org/msinfo/current_research/updates/summary.html 29) Virtual Hospital, Chapter 14: Neurology: MS http://www.vh.org/Providers/ClinRef/FPHandbook/Chapter14/08-14.html Other WWW Sites 30) Knowledge Weavers http://medstat.med.utah.edu/kw/ms/ 31) World of Multiple Sclerosis http://www.msif.org/language_choice.html 32) National Multiple Sclerosis Society http://www.nmss.org/ 33) MS Gateway http://www.ms-gateway.com/ 34) MS Gateway Glossary http://www.ms-gateway.com/glossary.html

Culture of the 1950s Essay

Websites allow global product and services distribution through intranets, extranets and internet Websites. Both groups of designers and professional analysts concur that a well-designed user interface is an essential component that improves the appeal and operation of the Web, allowing â€Å"browsers† or â€Å"tourists† to be converted into â€Å"customers† and â€Å"residents. † Recognizing demographic diversity and understanding the users are the two main focus of attention in the user-interface development process. However, these differences may demonstrate worldwide cultures in a global economy. The impact of culture in web content and tools is a factor which companies that aim to engage in online international business should consider. Few important pointers should be regarded. For instance, a person has a favorite website, how might this site be understood in countries like Paris, USA, London, Japan, or India, assuming that enough verbal translation are carried out? There might be something in a website’s metaphors, interaction, mental model or even the appearance offend or alienate a user. The date, most Culture of the 1950s is one of the controversial periods in American history marked by changes in worldviews of people and equal rights movements, new social values but old traditions dominated in the society. The World Wars had a great impact on cultural, political, social and economic life changing thinking and values of people. The post-war period of time became a watershed between ‘old’ and ‘new’ world of meaning, economy and ideas. Thesis The 1950s represents a time of disruption because the old values were rejected by the society but new ones had not been formed and accepted yet. The first half of the XX century changed greatly views of people and their destinies. The large-scale death and destruction exacted by World War II destroyed the security that had made current history a comfortable approach to international politics. The 1950s became an edge of the social change marked the beginning of the XX century. Such values as consumerism, trendy way of life and stylish goods were rejected by the society faced with grievances and disillusionment of war time (Fukuyama 8). Further support for the old social orientation to man’s impulses has been provided recently by a growing body of literature which seeks to document the innately violent and aggressive aspects of human behavior (Booker 34). In all these converging views of human nature, trust, intimacy, and openness are virtually self-destructive, and vulnerability and unguarded expressiveness become a positive threat. In this area, the puritan code was most explicit and ponderous. During 1950s, Americans did not have ‘a culture of consensus’ influenced by diverse social factors and liberation movements: the social life was influenced by feminist ideas and racial question. The second wave of feminism was diverse and involved lesbian, black, liberal and social feminism movements. Sexual liberation was a factor which had a great influence on the national idea during the middle of the XX century. Women paid particular attention to the role of sexual relations and sexual freedom in the society and their role in formation of self and universal order. Martin Luther King organized antiracial campaigns addressing a very important problem of racial inequality in America and its impact on the society. King expected that many people would â€Å"awake† from long sleeping and start fighting, because the established Constitution grants the right to the populace, and no doubt that in modern society the main role is featured to democracy and liberty. Social differences also influenced culture and led to the disruption (Booker 24). During the previous period, the good life consisted of work, work conducted with a religious attitude, for work was dedicated to God. The new way of liberation movements promulgated ideas of equality and equal pay for men and women contracted with the old values and norms (Fukuyama 237). Old social order and worldviews were rejected but the society did not create new values and traditions to replace the old ones. The puritan ethos in itself contained a number of crucial inconsistencies. They were exacerbated by the appearance of a set of values deriving from and entirely different source and based on an entirely contradictory set of premises about the nature of man. There were the democratic values founded on the assumption that man is innately good and trustworthy and that society is a contract among men that should enhance rather than restrain man’s humanity (Fukuyama 186). The themes of equality, social responsibility, democracy, liberty, and fraternity confronted the already internally conflicting themes of the world view and resulted in a dizzying welter of confusion and paradox. The internally paradoxical aspects of old views, combined with new democratic values together constitute anything but the disruption. In spite of the fact that some critics see 1950s as the ‘consenual period’, Derbyshire explains that The main reason the 1950s looks so good to so many of us is that in moving from the old order to the new, we lost much of our civilizational confidence. You may say that that confidence was misplaced, or an illusion; you may even say that it was obnoxious, and good riddance to it; and you may be right on all points† (Derbyshire cited Young & Young 29). American young people have inherited a â€Å"spurious† culture, a set of inconsistent arrangements and attitudes which have necessitated a variety of psychological and sociological stratagems aimed at disguising the basic lack of integrity and consistency in our culture. In the novel â€Å"On the Road†, Jack Kerouac vividly portrays this process through life and expectations of the main characters, Sal and Dean. Denial, self-deception, compartmentalization are some of the stratagems employed to cope with this disturbing state of affairs (Fukuyama 76). Kerouac portrays that segment of the younger generation was attacking the value orientations deriving from our puritan heritage. Such a direct and open-eyed confrontation was precisely what was necessary before any resolution of some of the inconsistencies can be attained. Sal says: I realized that these were all the snapshots which our children would look at someday with wonder, thinking their parents had lived smooth, well-ordered, stabilized-within-the-photo lives and got up in the morning to walk proudly on the sidewalks of life, never dreaming the raggedy madness and riot of our actual lives, our actual night, the hell of it, the senseless emptiness (Kerouac 208). It is just this resolution that the new generation were exploring in their alternative versions of â€Å"the good life†. The new generation interpreted the success goals of their parents as extremely constricting and threatening, and they were highly sensitive to the props adults use to buttress lives that were somehow less than fulfilling. Cultural diversity (and a new wave of immigration) added social tension and heated liberation movements. Perhaps the most interesting parts of the new ethic were themes which can be seen as not traditional or indigenous, that was the genuinely â€Å"foreign† elements, which because they were new arouse the most alarm, fear, and often repressive responses on the part of adults. The merchants of popular culture used the felicitous phrase, the â€Å"beat† generation, to refer to the group of people who celebrate the present and attempt to experience it as timelessly and intensely as possible. Being was desired for its own sake and becoming disappeared as a desired way of life (Booker 65). For instance, the novel by Jack Kerouac originated in racial fetishism and reflected vocabulary and language typical for diverse society and culture. Immigrants had an impact on literature and language using specific vocabulary and colloquialisms typical for their cultures (Nicholls 525). Another element which must be regarded as distinctly new was the attitude toward affluence, money, and private property on the part of these young people. Traditional adult success was regarded by them as â€Å"too expensive,† that was requiring too much sacrifice of the self, and of spontaneity, freedom and integrity, and giving too little in return (Fukuyama 270). In sum, the 1950s represents a time of disruption influenced by a mixture of the old and new social values. The decline of traditional culture encour ¬aged individualism which placed the self at the centre of concerns. Increasing social diversity led to a general relativism, not just in matters of taste or morals but even in matters of fact. These values were genuinely believed, there is no doubt, on the part of the parents, but the parents’ life experiences were so different as to locate them in a different culture. Life experiences were drastically different from the secure and protected environment before the WWII. The 1950s represents the disruption influenced by persona experiences of two different generations, cultural diversity and new social order. Works Cited 1. Booker, M. K. The Post-Utopian Imagination: American Culture in the Long 1950s. Greenwood Press, 2002. 2. Fukuyama, F. The Great Disruption: Human Nature and the Reconstitution of Social Order. Free Press; 1st edition, 2000. 3. Kerouac, J. On the Road. New York: Viking, 1957. 4. Nicholls, B. The Melting Pot That Boiled Over: Racial Fetishism and the Lingua Franca of Jack Kerouac’s Fiction MFS Modern Fiction Studies, 49 (2003): 524-549. 5. Young, W. H. , Young, N. K. The 1950s (American Popular Culture Through History). Greenwood Press, 2004.

Cats in Ancient Egypt - 1732 Words

When one imagines Ancient Egypt, the images of sand, mummies, and pyramids usually come to mind. Modern times portray cats as a lovable, furry household animal. Did the thought of the two intertwining ever occur? By examining the goddess Bast, tombs where cat mummies reside, and the process of mummifying cats, one can better understand the true significance of the gentle creature in the days of the Ancient Egyptian. Ancient Egyptians worshipped gods and goddesses frequently. They seemed to posses one for any concept or thing imaginable. People think of Bast as one of the most popular goddesses of her time and generally remember her as a cat goddess. She wore the head of a lion or wildcat in the beginning and possessed the predatory†¦show more content†¦The Egyptians viewed statuettes as symbols of religion with great importance and history. Tombs of Egyptians and cat cemeteries along the Nile River held many cat mummies. Thebes housed many important cat tombs. In mountains to the west of the Nile River, the Theban tombs resided. Thebes had 4 main burial cites that heavily depicted cats. The Bible referred to Thebes as the City of Amun, which showed that the city majorly impacted the people. Over the course of history, the first cat name to ever appear occurred in an 11th dynasty tomb. At the feet of a statue of the King of Hana, a title of Babylonia, overbearingly sat a cat with the name of Bouhaki. The name means something similar to divine healer of the home. The 18th dynasty emerged as one of the first dynasties to show the tomb walls of the nobles to depict scenes from everyday life. Pharaohs’ tomb walls tend to focus more on religious scenes. As a result, historians understand more about the day-to-day activities of Ancient Egyptians through the nobles. Because of the numerous representations of felines on the tomb walls, one can infer they played an essential role in an Egyptian’s life. One specific tomb wall painting proposes tha t cats hunted with humans, much like hound dogs, and humans kept them as pets. The loving function they assumed could possibly attribute to how popular the Egyptians found Bast. ArchaeologistsShow MoreRelatedAncient Egyptian Art : A Visual Analysis Of Bastet And The Menat Of Taharqo1267 Words   |  6 Pages Cats in Ancient Egyptian Art: A Visual Analysis of Bastet and the Menat of Taharqo: the King Being Nursed by the Lion-Headed Goddess Bastet The ancient Egyptians are known for their fondness for animals, and the cat was a favorite household companion. Cats were common in ancient Egyptian art that depicted domestic scenes since they were greatly appreciated as killers of rodents, snakes, scorpions, ect. Typically homes with cats had less sickness, and fewer deaths. But beyond these roles, cats wereRead MoreAbu Mena Essays1441 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Abu Mena (Egypt) By: Porsha Lee. 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Not only is Egyptian art beautiful, but it carries a huge dealRead MoreCompare Two Poems in Which the Poets Explore Attitudes to Death. How Do the Poets Use Language to Emphasise? These Attitudes?1132 Words   |  5 PagesDefying Gravity by Roger McGough and Mort Aux Chats by Peter Porter are two poems that have death as a theme. Although they refer to death in different ways. Mort Aux Chats refers to death to convince you to dislike cats. Whereas Defying Gravity is about a mans â€Å"victory† with death. These poems rely on language to emphasise the attitude to death. Defying Gravity is told from the point of view of a dying mans best friend. It uses a lots of metaphors and I think this makes the poem very effectiveRead MoreCompare and Contrast Essay: Ancient Egypt and Greece812 Words   |  4 Pages806 Compare and Contrast Essay: Ancient Egypt and Greece There are many mysteries to life, ancient civilizations created religion to explain these mysteries. Many ancient civilizations believed in religions that worshiped more than one god or goddess, this is called polytheism. Both the Ancient Egyptians and the Ancient Greeks practiced polytheism. For both ancient civilizations religion was an important part of daily life. Ancient Egyptians and Ancient Greeks had similar creation storiesRead MoreAncient Egypt And Ancient Egyptian Civilization1495 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Egypt treated its women better than any of the other major civilizations of the ancient world† (Thompson). Over 6,000 years ago, the powerful civilization of Ancient Egypt began, lasting for almost 30 centuries. Ancient Egyptians treated their cats like royalty, used spells and animal flesh to heal almost anything (Napoli Balit). Most Importantly, the people of Ancient Egypt valued their polytheistic religion above everything, they worked hard in order to get into the paradise of the afterlifeRead MoreCasey Kirwan, Civic Engagement Self Reflection1665 Words   |  7 Pagescompletely new experience with the new perspective I have coming from this class. There were many parts of history to look at, but the ones that stood out to me the most was their exhibit on Ancient Egypt. I thoroughly enjoyed the exhibit’s information on the artifacts and the funerary practices of this ancient world. Entering the Egyptian room, you are greeted with a large wooden boat. It’s the first thing people see and is actually a real highlight piece for not only the exhibit, but for the whole

The Best And Worst Of The American Industrial Revolution

The Best and Worst of the American Industrial Revolution Paradoxes as well as contradictions have been expressed in describing previous time periods. Stated from A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens, â€Å"It was the best of times, it was the worst of times...for the good or for the evil, in the superlative degree of comparison only† (Dickens 1). Specifically, Dickens had referred this quote to a French revolution, but the statement can pertain to many other historical events and continues through today. In the American Industrial Revolution, the outcome left multiple views of whether it was considered a pro or a con. However, the American Industrial Revolution has demonstrated both numerous challenges along with countless benefits to the country. The American Industrial Revolution took place in the United States during the 19th and 20th century. When the new uprising change came to America, the United States was heavily influenced by European ideas, which for Europe began in the late 18th century (Hillstrom 10). America started off primarily as an agricultural country until it gained dominance in industry and finance by 1918. Labor, politics, enslaved African Americans, and such important resources were of the many factors that helped spread industrialization. Additionally, the U.S. government was effectively involved by supplying equipment and assisting to the many advancements from the nation’s transformation (Hinshaw and Stearns vol 2 491). Within a single century, theShow MoreRelatedIndustrial Revolution Essay1929 Words   |  8 PagesJennifer Yulfo Mr. Sotak Honors English 9 5 January 2018 The Best of Times and The Worst of Times â€Å"The Industrial Revolution has tended to produce everywhere great urban masses that seem to be increasingly careless of ethical standards† (Babbitt 139). 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Point of View in Young Goodman Brown Essay - 818 Words

In Nathaniel Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown, the story is told from a limited omniscient third-person narrator point of view. Limited omniscient third-person narrator means that the focal point of the story is limited to one character. This technique works well with the story because it allows the narrator to portray what Goodman Brown is doing, and also allows him to assess and remark on Goodman Browns doings throughout the story. Sometimes this method is used to convey the beliefs of the author, and in this instance I feel that Hawthorne is using this story to express his ideas on humans in general. The story, Young Goodman Brown, has many themes, but it is my belief that the main theme in this classic short story is guilt versus†¦show more content†¦The narrator will not start talking about things that other people have seen or heard. For example, lets say that Faith saw something but Goodman did not see it or hear it, we will never hear about it because it is only from G oodmans viewpoint. What is also good about having a limited omniscient narrator is that they are not subjective. A first-person narrator is very subjective because they are with one sole character and agree with everything that character has to say because they are always in their minds. A third-person limited omniscient is always with one character, but can also get out of the characters mind and tell it from a narrators point of view. For example, They did so; and, by the blaze of the hell-kindled torches, the wretched man beheld his Faith, and the wife her husband, trembling before that unhallowed altar (344). This is a great example of what I was talking about. He calls Goodman Brown a wretched man which would only happens because it is in third-person omniscient point of view. I believe this point of view accomplishes Hawthornes purpose in Goodman Brown. He does not want people to figure out if Goodman was dreaming or if it was reality. In my opinion, this was the best method in doing this. The point of view remains consistent throughout the story because the narrator never changes his point of view on anything. The narrator remains constant throughout the story even when the climax happens. Goodman Brown drivesShow MoreRelated Point of View of Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay1512 Words   |  7 PagesPoint of View of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚         Point of view is â€Å"one of the most prominent and persistent concerns in modern treatments of the art of prose fiction† (Abrams 231). This essay will treat of how the story is told in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† what type of narrator tells it, and through whose perception the reader receives the tale – in other words, the point of view of this short story (Axelrod 336).    In this story the mode or point of view by whichRead MoreEssay about Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown – Point of View1642 Words   |  7 PagesHawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† how does the author present the characters, dialogue, actions, setting and events which comprise the narrative in this short story? This essay will answer these questions. R. W. B. Lewis in â€Å"The Return into Time: Hawthorne† states that â€Å"there is always more to the world in which Hawthorne’s characters move than any one of them can see at a glance† (77). 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Dark Romanticism is a genre branched off of Romanticism, whereasRead More The Heros Journey in Hawthornes Young Goo dman Brown Essay example1249 Words   |  5 PagesThe Heros Journey in Young Goodman Brown nbsp; Faith is accepting what you are taught or told without trying to prove or disprove it, rather than discovering it through experience.nbsp;Those who believe in God have faith. It has not been proven that God exists; similarly, it has not been proven that humans are kind, honest, and good by nature. Young Goodman Brown is a character in Young Goodman Brown, who leaves his known world in Salem village and travels an unknown road in a dark forestRead MoreHawthornes Young Goodman Brown versus Oates Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been1586 Words   |  7 Pages Written two centuries apart, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† by Nathaniel Hawthorne and â€Å"Where Are You Going; Where Have You Been† by Joyce Carol Oates are two seemingly different stories. 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In this story it showsRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown1543 Words   |  7 PagesIn Nathaniel Hawthorne s short story of Young Goodman Brown, the author uses symbolism and allegories in order to showcase the Puritan faith as well as man s conflict between good and evil. This analysis will break down the techniques that the author uses to critique the puritan society and to show the difference between how people appear to be in society and the true colors that they are hidden inside of them. There has been a lot of great authors in our time, but none more interesting thanRead MoreLiterary Analysis of Young Goodman Brown808 Words   |  4 PagesHawthornes ambiguous ending in Young Goodman Brown leaves the reader asking one question. Had Goodman Brown fallen asleep in the forest and only dreamed a wild dream of a witch hunting? 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In Young Goodman Brown, Hawthorne effectively uses the personality and psychology of the Characters along with symbolism to portray the themeRead MoreYoung Goodman Brown from a Moral Standpoint1352 Words   |  6 PagesHawthorne discovered that his ancestors were founders and Puritan leaders of the Salem witch trials. Shortly after this tragic finding, he wrote â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† a tale that is considered one of the greatest in American literature. Analyzing Nathaniel Hawthorne’s work from a moral perspective can help illuminate his short story: â€Å"Young Goodman Brown.† Hawthorne was both prideful and embarrassed in the actions of his ancestors. According to Jacqueline Shoemaker, Hawthorne felt pride in seeing

Quality Culture and Customer Retention at Disney World Free Essays

The Disney World Disney World, or Walt Disney World Resort, is a recreational resort that has theme parks, golf courses, water parks, resort hotels and shopping areas. It is owned by the Walt Disney Company and is considered as the largest recreational resort in the world. Disney Culture The culture espoused by the Disney World is proportional to the globalization of American culture. We will write a custom essay sample on Quality Culture and Customer Retention at Disney World or any similar topic only for you Order Now Just like the worldwide spread of American culture and ideas, â€Å"Disney culture† has received a global acceptance. Disney World is presented to the human race with charm, which makes people of all ages, of different races, and different gender preferences fascinated with anything (that is associated with) â€Å"Disney.† The Disney culture is appealing. This is what makes Disney World rise to the top. Having focused on providing quality entertainment to the people, Disney is able to produce products and services that are cherished by its customers. Marty Sklar, Vice Chairman and Principal Creative Executive of Walt Disney Imagineering, enumerated five things that makes him proud of Disney. These five things, which mirror the sort of culture that Disney espouses, are â€Å"high-quality products, optimism for the future, great storytelling, an emphasis on family entertainment and great talent, passion and dedication from our Cast Members† (Sklar, 2007). Products of Disney are of high quality because the company is dedicated to a tradition of innovation. With this, the company’s products and services are seen as original, creative and ground-breaking. Furthermore, each product of Disney has its own story to tell, and with every story being told, there is always a positive message for the customers. This makes Disney culture both entertaining and respected by its customers. It does not sacrifice the talent of its cast members, the storyline, and story’s positive message for mere entertainment. Guestology â€Å"Guestology† is a term coined by Bruce Laval, a Senior Manager at Walt Disney. The term is used to signify the company’s aim of focusing on guest behavior. Using the idea of guestology, Disney employs a different kind of management. The company does not follow the traditional management style, which focuses on organizational development and managerial hierarchy. Instead, the company focuses on the â€Å"guests† or the â€Å"customers.† With such method, the company uses not the company’s or organization’s perspective, in determining the quality of the products. What is being used is the customer’s perspective. Customer experience is then given a paramount importance. Because the perspective used is that of the customers’, Disney World is able to determine what customers need and want. With the use of surveys, Disney is able to determine that customers need a clean theme park and Disney World provides them with that. Efforts are also made to extend theme park hours and expand fireworks displays in order to satisfy the customers. Customer Retention through Quality Culture Though the focus is on customers, it should not be mistaken that Disney puts customer satisfaction as its core. Customer satisfaction is important, but customer retention is even a more important thing. Often times, people take customer satisfaction and customer retention as synonymous. However, they are not. Customer retention necessarily implies customer satisfaction, but customer satisfaction does not always mean customer retention. Disney is one among very few companies that recognize this fact. Disney is not concerned merely with making its customers satisfied. It aims at giving its customers quality products and services because it is more concerned with the loyalty of its customers to whatever it offers. As aforementioned, Disney is not concerned merely with marketing its products and services. It is not concerned merely with providing entertainment or mere satisfaction. It puts emphasis on the talents of its casts, the message that its products brings and with innovative ideas because it puts customer retention at its core. And Disney World successfully does this by its ability to produce an appealing culture. Reference: Baker, R. (2007 May). Earning My Mouse Ears, Part II: The Disney Approach to Customer Loyalty [WWW document]. URL http://verasage.com. 27 July 2007. Sklar, M. (2007, July) [WWW document]. URL http://corporate.disney.go.com/careers/culture.html. 27 July 2007. The HSM Group. (2005). Holding Onto Your Customers [WWW document]. URL http://www.hsmgroup.com/ebriefing/ebriefing08.asp. 27 July 2007. How to cite Quality Culture and Customer Retention at Disney World, Papers

Slavery and African Born Slaves free essay sample

Sank Critical Review Sank is a movie about, above all else, the unification and spiritual oneness of all African peoples no matter where they are in the world and no matter what oppression they face. To develop this theme, the movie takes us through the lives of several Africans that were taken from their homes and enslaved. It stars a young woman, Mona, who knows very little of her identity as an African at first, but is transformed into a slave named Shoal who works on a plantation where she gains first hand knowledge of the struggles of her people.She meets slaves who are African born and who fight to rebel in order to resist the temptation to assimilate and forget their true, singular identity as Africans. In the beginning, the main character Mona was seemingly apathetic and ignorant toward her heritage. She was disrespectfully taking obscene pictures in a fortress that had been a part Of the slave trafficking out of Africa during the Atlantic slave trade. We will write a custom essay sample on Slavery and African Born Slaves or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After wandering into the fortress dungeon, she is transformed into an American born slave on a plantation in the southern united States.The movie takes us wrought her trials as a slave as well as developing the hardships and oppression suffered by several African born slaves on the same plantation. The movie illustrates the many individual niches of the slaves who interact to create a troubled community that supports each other through cooperation, but which also is being torn apart. While there are a couple of slaves that are close to the masters called head slaves, most perform roles as midwives or are the leaders of rebellions against the masters.One mixed race slave is even a devout member of the Christian church under the exclusive control of white minister who encourages the slave to try and instill the Christian faith in his peers. One goal achieved by the movie in showing the slaves in their specific roles in the community is to demonstrate the struggle to stay united under one identity, African, in order to survive their oppressive masters. At several points in the movie they come together even under the threat of the whip or even death.On one specific occasion, they rally to help a midwife deliver a baby from a dead woman who had been flogged to death by one of the head slaves. Another example of their unification even against there own mind is that they secretly unite with other slaves from other plantations to find a way to get them all freed, but ca nnot bring certain slaves for fear of word getting back to their masters. Shoal is transformed by her first person experiences as a slave. She begins to understand that to be African is a true and unifying identity, and no matter where or in what point in time they are, all Africans are connected through a single identity.She begins to think far more spiritually; toward the end of the movie she even speaks of flying over the ocean back to Africa to be with her people. She begins to think of herself as a less tangible being, more a spirit or energy in which she is entrapped by her body, which is entrapped by the slave owners. Moreover, by thinking of herself in this way she realizes she can never really be trapped, her spirit and soul are always free, she is in some way liberated by her realization that she is a separate entity from her body and her true self can never really be enslaved.Nun and Shannon are the two main people who help her develop this way of thinking. Because Shoal was a slave born in the United States and avian never actually lived in Africa, she is void of the unified and intangible way of thinking m any of the other slaves were ingrained with during their time in Africa. Also, She is sheltered from the African born slaves for much of her life because she was made to work in the house, however as she befriends the slaves that work in the field she slowly learns more and more about her heritage. She is in awe of the strength and rebelliousness of the African born field slaves. They help her to separate herself from the identity she has built based on the society she grew up in. Early on in the film, she is seemingly content with her life and even though she is thought of as inferior and is raped and oppressed, she seems to be mostly content with an underlying feeling that her situation is unavoidable. The other slaves who know of freedom and a better place and ache to return begin to instill in her these new feelings Of rebellion and hatred for her oppressive masters.In a sense, Nun and Shannon help to deconstruct the social reality which she has created for herself and the helplessness that comes along with it in order to instill one of pride for her heritage, intangibleness of her true being, and temporariness of her situation instead. The inverse character of the slaves in the field that help her in liberating herself is another slave who is the son of Nun (who was raped on her voyage to America at fourteen) named Joe.Joeys mother is a very strong, rebellious, and helpful character in the movie who is well respected and looked up to by many of the other slaves. She is a powerful force in the community, feared by the slave owners for her ability to unite and rally the slaves against them. However, her son, who is of mixed race, becomes a master slave or a slave that works with their white masters in punishing and organizing the other slaves.He is also enthralled with the Christian church and becomes one of its most devout attendees, despite his mothers strong belief in her African religion. This character represents an African almost completely assimilated into the new way of life without any struggle and one who is dismissive of his culture and heritage. This is what Shoal is ultimately trying to escape and this character helps her do so by vying her perspective of what her ignorance of true identity can lead her to.All of this true self and African identity that Shoal is just now developing has always been a part of her African born counterparts life. The meaning of the term Sank in the context of the film is to go back in the past and us e experiences gained to better yourself in the present and future. Sank relates to the movie because Mona is quite literally going to the past and gaining knowledge Of the struggles Of her people in order to better connect her to the singular identity as an African.The movie shows how Africans, when enslaved and suffering oppression, were forced to rally together and strengthen this bond as a singular being and, as in the movie, band together against their common enemy. Shoal had never had this identity because she had never lived in Africa, and being born in the United States had nothing of Africa to grasp onto when developing her identity. It is a message to all those of African descent, reminding them of their heritage and the hardships their ancestors suffered unwillingly but still with dignity.At the conclusion of the film, after a dramatic ending in which Shoal is initiated into Shanias religion, and Joe kills his mother Nun and is subsequently burned alive after locking himself in the church, Mona reappears in present day obviously profoundl y affected by her experience and joins a group of Africans looking out over the sea. In the crowd she sees Nun sitting, staring out over the ocean. This helps to illustrate that the knowledge of intangibility of ones true self, and the unification of Africans under one single identity had been developed through Moans experiences with Sank.